Mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bw’amashini, inganda z’imiduga, n’ibikoresho bikomeye, uguhitamwo ivyuma biragira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bushobozi bw’ibikoresho, ku buzima, no ku mutekano. 42Cr na 42CrMo ni ivyuma bibiri bikoreshwa cane bishobora gukoreshwa n’ubushuhe-bishobora gukoreshwa. Naho amazina yabo asa, itandukaniro ry’ibintu nyamukuru bikorana n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri bituma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye mu bijanye n’ingene bikora be n’ingene bikoreshwa.
I. Ivyiyumviro vy’ishimikiro vy’imiti: Uruhara nyamukuru rwa Molybdenum
42Cr ni icuma gishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo buringaniye-bushuhe bw'ivyuma vy'ivyuma -. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri birimwo: carbone (C) 0,38%-0,45%, chromium (Cr) 0,90%-1,20%, kandi birimwo n’ibintu bikeyi bita silicone, manganese, n’ibindi.
42CrMo, ku rundi ruhande, yongerako ikintu nyamukuru gikoranya -molybdenum (Mo)-ku 42Cr, ikaba irimwo hagati ya 0.15% na 0.25%. Ivyongeyeko bisa n’ibitobito birazana ugusimbuka kw’uburyo mu bijanye n’ugukora neza mu vy’umubiri.
Ibikorwa nyamukuru vya molibdene ni:
1. Ubushobozi bwo gukomera - bwarateye imbere cane:Molybdenum itevya cane uguhinduka kw’ivyuma vy’agaciro mu pear lite na urbanite, bikaba bituma ibice vy’ibihimba vy’umubiri bikomeye cane bishobora kuronka imiterere imwe y’ivyuma vy’agaciro mu gihe co kuzimya, gutyo bikaba bituma umushinge ukomeye.
2. Guhagarika uburakari:Icuma ca chromium gishobora gusenyuka mu buryo budashobora gusubira inyuma iyo gikonjejwe buhoro buhoro inyuma yo gukomera mu bipimo bibiri vy’ubushuhe: 250-400℃na 450-650℃, ni ukuvuga, ubukomere bushobora gusenyuka. Molybdenum ni co kintu gikora neza cane mu guhagarika ivyo (na canecane ubwoko bwa kabiri bw’ugusenyuka kw’ubushuhe bwinshi).
3. Gutunganya intete, gutuma zikomera kandi zikomera.
Ku bw’ivyo, mu vy’ukuri, 42CrMo ni iyo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw’ivyuma vy’imibumbe vy’ivyuma.
II. Kugereranya imiterere y'ubuhinga n'inyishu y'ubushuhe
Kubera ko hongeweko molybdenum, 42CrMo yerekana muri rusangi ubushobozi bw’ubuhinga bwiza kuruta 42Cr mu gihe c’ubushuhe bumwe.
Inkomezi n’Ugukomera:Inyuma yo gukoresha ubushuhe (guzimya + gukomera kw’ubushuhe bwinshi-), uburemere bw’ugukomera bwa 42Cr akenshi buba 980-1180 MPa, kandi uburemere bw’ugutanga ni Burengeye canke bungana na 835 MPa. Inkomezi z’ugukomera kwa 42CrMo zishobora gushika kuri 1080-1380 MPa, kandi inkomezi z’umwimbu ziruta canke zingana na 930 MPa, bikaba bigereranya ukwiyongera kw’inkomezi muri rusangi hafi 10%-20%.
Ubukomezi:Ivyo ni bimwe mu bitandukanye cane hagati y’ivyo bibiri. Ku rwego rw’inkomezi rusa n’urwo, ubukomezi bw’ingaruka (agaciro ka AKU) bwa 42CrMo burarengeye cane ubwa 42Cr, cane cane mu bice binini vy’umusaraba- canke igihe bikenewe kwizigirwa cane. Molybdenum irahagarika neza ububabare, igatuma 42CrMo ishobora gukomera ku bushuhe bwinshi kugira ngo ironke ubukomezi bwiza ata kwiganyira ku gutakaza inkomezi zirengeje urugero.
Gukomera-ubushobozi:Igitigiri c’ubushobozi bwo gukomera-ca 42CrMo (igitigiri c’ubushobozi bwo gukomera aho 50% vy’amabuye y’agaciro bishobora kuronswa mu mutima) ni kinini cane kuruta ica 42Cr. Nk’akarorero, mu gihe amavuta azimye, umurongo w’ubushobozi bwo gukomera-wa 42Cr ni nk’iminota 20-30mm, mu gihe uwa 42CrMo ushobora gushika kuri 40-60mm canke mbere n’ibindi. Ivyo bisigura ko igihe umuntu akora ibihimba bininibinini kandi bikomeye, 42CrMo ishobora gutuma habaho ibikorwa bihuye hagati y’umubiri n’ivyo hejuru.
Idirisha ry'uburyo bwo guvura ubushuhe:Uburyo bwo gukoresha ubushuhe bwa 42CrMo buragutse kandi bworoshe kugenzura. Ifise ubushuhe bwo kuzima bwagutse kandi ntiyigera igira ico ikoze ku bijanye n’umuvuduko wo gukonja, ivyo bikaba bigabanya ingorane zo kuzima imivyimba. Gukonja vyihuta canke buhoro inyuma y’ugukonja kw’ubushuhe bwinshi-bigira ingaruka nke ku gukomera kwayo, bikaba bituma umuntu yihanganira cane ibikorwa.
III. Uturere dusanzwe two gukoresha
Ibisabwa vya 42Cr:
Ibereye guhingura ibice bifise imizigo iri hagati, ibice bitobito vy'umusaraba-, n'ibisabwa bitagira -ubukomezi burengeje urugero. Ingero ni nk’izi: amashashi, amageregere, n’inkoni za piston z’ibikoresho vy’imashini; inkoni zifatanya, ibice-vy’imirongo, n’ibipfunsi vy’imiduga; na rusangi-ibifatanya n'ibipimo. Igiciro cayo kinini-ubushobozi butuma ari ikintu gikundwa ku bice vyinshi bimenyerewe.
Ikoreshwa rya 42CrMo:
Igenewe cane cane ibice bihambaye bisaba imizigo iremereye, ibice binini vy'umusaraba-, n'ukwizigirwa gukomeye. Ivyo bikoresho bimenyerewe ni: ibikoresho bitwara imodoka, ivyuma bitwara imodoka, n’ibikoresho bitwara imodoka zikomeye; amatiyo y’imyimenyerezo n’ibikoresho vyo kuroba vyo gucukura amavuta; ivyuma bikuru n’ibihimba vy’ibikoresho vy’umuyaga; ama crankshafts n’inkoni zifatanya ibikoresho bininibinini vyo gukora amabuye; n’amabuye y’inkomezi nyinshi- (urugero rw’ubushobozi 10.9 n’urwo hejuru). Mu bikorwa bisaba guhangana n’ingaruka zikomeye, imitwaro y’urushe, canke ibidukikije bikomeye vyo gukoreramwo, 42CrMo ni ihitamwo ryiza kandi ryizigirwa.
Mu ncamake, 42Cr na 42CrMo bigereranya ingero zitandukanye z'ibisabwa mu bikorwa vy'imibumbe. 42Cr ni "ifarashi y'akazi" y'ubutunzi n'ibikorwa, ihuye n'ibisabwa vyinshi vy'agaciro; mu gihe 42CrMo ari "inguvu zidasanzwe" zo guhangana n'ibikorwa bitoroshe, zigenewe cane cane guhangana n'ibintu bikomeye cane vy'akazi birimwo imitwaro iremereye, ubunini buhambaye, n'ukwizigirwa gukomeye, bivuye ku bushobozi bwo gukomera-burengeye ubw'abandi n'inkomezi n'ubukomezi bihuriweko bitangwa na molybdenum. Igihe bahitamwo ibikoresho, abahinga bakwiye kurenga kugereranya "inkomezi" vyoroshe maze bagasuzuma bivanye n'ingero zitomoye nk'imibabaro y'igice kiri mu gikorwa, ingero z'ibice, ingaruka z'ukunanirwa, n'igiciro cose c'ingendo y'ubuzima, kugira ngo bafate ingingo nziza kuruta izindi, zitekanye, kandi zifise ubutunzi. Mu gukurikirana ibikoresho vy’ubushobozi bwinshi kandi vyizewe vy’ubu, ugutahura bimwe bikomeye no gukoresha neza ibikoresho vy’ubushobozi bwinshi nka 42CrMo vyacitse kimwe mu bintu bifasha mu gutuma umuntu ashobora guhangana n’abandi.
